Security Issues and the Breakdown of Payment Systems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1884 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Cyber Security Essay Did you like this example? Critically Discuss Security Issues and the Breakdown of the Payment System. Introduction Regulation 2560/2001/EU applies to cross-border payments in euros within the EU and established with effect from 1st July 2003 the principle of equal charges for a cross-border transaction and a strictly domestic transaction. The Consultative Document à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] acknowledges that the Regulation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“has contributed to a considerable reduction in the price for [such] paymentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and has provided an incentive for the payment industry to modernise their EU-wide payment infrastructuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . However, it is acknowledged that technical and legal barriers still prevent EU citizens, companies and payment service providers from reaping the full benefits of a Single Payment Area for non-cash payments. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Security Issues and the Breakdown of Payment Systems" essay for you Create order The Executive Summary (p.2) concludes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Internal Market for goods and services cannot function properly without cheap, efficient and secure [emphasis supplied] payment services.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  While the Regulation addresses the first of these three criteria, considerable progress is still required in respect of the efficiency of services (and, in particular, the introduction of appropriate protection for parties in the event of breakdown) and security of networks in the face of increasing external attack. Annex 20 of the Consultative Document raises issues in respect of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Security of Networksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and Annex 21 similarly invites submissions in respect of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Breakdown of a Payment Network.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ It is proposed to address each of these subjects in turn. Security of the Networks Annex 20 describes attacks upon the databases of, inter alia, the banking industry and e-commerce merchants which have led to conce rns as to payment fraud and have resulted in the recall and reissue of many thousands of payment cards. The full scale of the problem is unknown since, due to the potential for the undermining of confidence in such institutions, it has been estimated that as many as 80% of such incidents are not reported[2]. A study undertaken for the European Commission into public perceptions of the security of electronic payments[3] identified the fact that from a security perspective, electronic banking systems including on-line bank transfers are the preferred methods of payment. This is due to the use of a system of 2-factor identification (e.g. password and selected digits from a PIN number). By contrast, the use of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“card not presentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  payment over the internet poses risks because authentication depends upon the use of credit card numbers and expiry dates (which information can be the subject of misappropriation or the increasing crime of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identity t heftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Regrettably, this type of transaction remains the most prevalent for cross-border payments. New, more secure solutions, have yet to achieve a significant degree of market penetration. In particular, the use of what is known as SSL à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Secure Sockets Layerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , a generic method to cryptographically secure communication on the Internet taking place between a client and a server is as yet weak or non-existent in terms of general commercial application. At the Tampere European Council, the member states reaffirmed their commitment to reinforcing the fight against organised crime. This led to the issue of the Communication from the Commission à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Preventing fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of paymentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4] and its accompanying Fraud Prevention Action Plan. It was acknowledged that the payment industry has developed and implemented new technical fraud prevention measures (such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“chip and PI Nà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  technology) but if cross-border payments are to be adequately protected, further, more general measures are required. The first paragraph of the Fraud Prevention Action Plan states, inter alia, that the longer term objective must be the introduction of a structured and co-ordinated security approach by all interested parties. It is essential to promote standardised security requirements which can be independently and objectively evaluated. An example of this is ISO Standard 15408 which allows the definition of security requirements for information technology systems including payment products. Criminal sanctions are also necessary. At the Community level, proposals have been made for the common definition of certain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“cyber crimesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  carrying common penalties[5]. While such reform is to be welcomed insofar as it would provide a measure of uniformity and ease of enforcement within the EU, it cannot address the risks posed by the global na ture of modern information technology which renders European merchants and institutions vulnerable to international attack from beyond the borders of the EU. Annex 20 argues that the harmonisation of penal legislation against cyber crime both in the EU and beyond and co-operation with other stakeholders may lead to the conclusion that there is no need for further legal provisions on the security of the infrastructure and the payment area and further initiatives may be left to self-regulation. This approach is complacent. While acknowledging the difficulty of state regulation of crimes committed outside its jurisdiction, such a challenge militates in favour of internal regulation to ensure compliance with the highest possible standards of electronic security. The increase in e-banking and e-commerce generates an increasingly urgent imperative to protect such systems if confidence is to be maintained and the advantages of such transaction methods to the development of the Internal Market are to be preserved. Article 17 of Directive 95/46/EC already provides for the controller of the data to take appropriate measures to protect against unauthorised access. An increasingly obvious deficiency occurs where the processing of such data is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“outsourcedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to another party. While the controller in such circumstances is under a duty to choose a processor who is able to supply the necessary guarantees as to security of data, there is no reason why indeed it might be regarded as essential that the processor is also made the direct subject of primary legislation in order to ensure the integrity of his guarantees and to provide appropriate remedies (beyond the merely contractual rights of the controller) in the event of default. Breakdown of a Payment Network By contrast with Annex 20, Annex 21 raises the issue of liability in the event of breakdown of a payment network but fails to provide even the most meagre of proposed strategies for dealing with the issue or even any meaningful suggested topics for discussion and response. The risk of system breakdown is particularly acute in the case of Payment Services Providers since they have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“network externalitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which means that they are exposed to risks not only as a result of the compromise of the integrity of their own internal systems but also the systems of those other institutions with which they are interdependent. In addition, the trend toward à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“outsourcingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  discussed above increases their vulnerability to breakdowns over which they have no direct control. Such system failures can have significant impact in the marketplace upon a customer who may incur financial penalties (e.g. for late payment) or suffer loss of commercial opportunity or other loss as a result of not being able to action an electronic payment. The merchant also is at risk since, in the event of such failure, potential profit may be lost i f otherwise willing customers are not able to make payment by other than electronic means. The obvious question is, upon whom should such losses ultimately fall? Not surprisingly, the banks take a particular view. Barclays[6] argue that to extend liability to include unlimited consequential losses due to system breakdown will cause many providers to reconsider their exposure to the payments market. They argue that they have invested in contingency arrangements so that payments are not delayed even if there are failures, that customers have a wide range of payment options available to them and that breakdown is rare. Finally, there is the familiar plea that the industry is subject to a high degree of self-regulation and that the consequences of system failure are adequately addressed by the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contract with the customer. Significantly, it is not asserted that compensation arrangements are adequate under the present regime, rather that the customer contract is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the best way forwardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  provided this is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“transparent to the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . To seek to limit liability in this way is offensive to basic legal principles. By direct or indirect means, the customer either in the form of a consumer or in the person of a merchant supplying goods or services and wishing for reasons of commercial competitiveness to offer the option of payment by electronic means, is paying for a service which he has a consequent right to expect will be operated efficiently and without causing loss to him through its failure. Where such failure occurs, the consequences are clearly and reasonably foreseeable as they have been by the Commission in the Consultation Document. Just as it was appropriate for the Commission to regulate the charge for electronic cross-border transfers by Regulation 2560/2001, it is appropriate for there to be similar intervention to ensure confidence in systems and the further increase in th eir use for the benefit of the Single Market and to provide a transparent system of rights and remedies in the event of breakdown of systems. Conclusion Regulation 2560/2001/EC provided an important boost to the use of electronic payment systems for cross-border transfers by removing the disparities previously existing in respect of charges for such services. Recognising this benefit to the operation of the Single Market, the Consultative Document seeks to explore ways of increasing and enhancing this benefit by addressing a range of technical and legal restrictions which continue to impinge upon the efficient and secure operation of such means of payment. If this is to be achieved, urgent action is required to address the increasing threat to the security of and thus confidence in the use of such services. Payment Services Providers must shoulder the leading responsibility for guaranteeing the security of such systems and where this continues to be deemed inadequate, must b e required by Regulation to do so. This applies also in the distinct but related field of system breakdown. Self-serving arguments about the current adequacy of systems and the familiar special pleading for self-regulation should not be allowed to stand in the way of continued improvements in e-payment and e-commerce with the manifest economic benefits that this will confer upon the Community. Again, this is too important an objective to be left to chance or half-hearted and self-interested attempts at self-regulation. The model of Regulation 2560/2001 and its demonstrable success may be relied upon in both areas to bring about continued improvements in the framework for payments in the Internal Market. Bibliography APACS, The Regulation on Cross Border Payments in Euro, Cards Compliance Guidelines for the UK Banking Industry, (July 2003) Barclays plc Response: Commission Communication A New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market (9 February 2004) Electroni c Payments key conclusions of study undertaken for European Commission on public perceptions, (September 2003), www.europa.eu.int/comm.internal-market/payments/docs/fraud/study-security New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market, COM (2003) 718 final Irish Payment Services Organisation, IBAN Update, (Oct 2004), www.ipso.ie Preventing fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment, COM (2001) 0011 final Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on attacks against information systems, COM (2002) 173 final Regulation 2560/2001/EU 1 Footnotes [1] COM (2003) 718 final, p.2 [2] IDC and Gartner (November 2002) [3] Electronic Payments key conclusions of study undertaken for European Commission on public perceptions, (September 2003), www.europa.eu.int/comm.internal-market/payments/docs/fraud/study-security [4] COM (2001) 0011 final [5] Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on attacks against information systems, COM (2002) 173 final [6] Barclays plc Response: Commission Communication A New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market (9 February 2004)

Proverbs Essay Free Essays

Proverbs Essay A Man of Wisdom The book of Proverbs describes what a wise man is and what his behavior grants him. A man of wisdom has many characteristic aspects that make him ‘wise’, these are made very clear in the book of Proverbs. King Solomon, being granted the wisest man, was the author to most of the proverbs that offer the descriptions of both a wise and unwise man. We will write a custom essay sample on Proverbs Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the aspects to a wise man are hard to honor, but that is what makes a man wise, and gives him the benefits and good fortune in his life. The beginning of Proverbs gives general advice and guidance for children. These are known as Solomon’s Wise Lessons. In this section of the book the verses are aimed at children being taught a lesson by his or her elders. The few stories consist of rejecting wisdom, benefits of wisdom, and warnings against adultery/adulteresses and folly. If you reject wisdom, then you chose not to fear the Lord as well, and will be filled with your own ways. â€Å"Since they hated knowledge and did not choose to fear the Lord, since they would not accept my advice and spurned my rebuke, they will eat the fruit of their ways and be filled with the fruit of their schemes. (NIV, Proverbs 1:29-31) The other main point in the beginning of the book was the warnings against adultery. A wise man is to keep just to his wife, and only his wife, even though the adulteress is very persuasive and crafty. â€Å"Say to wisdom â€Å"you are my sister,† and call understanding your kinsman; they will keep you from the adulteress, from the wayward wife with her seductive wor ds. † (NIV, Proverbs 7:4-5) The men that did subdue to the adulteress were throwing their lives away. The second section of the book of Proverbs is all proverbs from King Solomon. In these proverbs he describes a wise man and an unwise man. A lot of the time he refers to them as simple and righteous. He demonstrates how a righteous man would act compared to a simple or unrighteous man in lots of different situations. These situations include ones like â€Å"The wise in heart accept commands, but the chattering fool comes to ruin. † (NIV, Proverbs 10:8) â€Å"A gossip betrays a confidence, but a trustworthy man keeps a secret. † (NIV, Proverbs 11:13) â€Å"A mocker seeks wisdom and finds none, but the knowledge comes easy to the discerning. † (NIV, Proverbs 14:6) These are just a few of them; I could keep going and going. Proverbs 10:8 means that the wise people will listen and be obedient to the Lord. This obedience will be shown through God, and will bring them good fortune. If you refuse God’s commands then that shows your true character. Those that choose not to obey, and instead rebel, while thinking that they are standing up for their proud heart, will be going against their best interests. Proverbs 11:13 is saying that we should not trust people who gossip or spread stories about other people. And, if we do trust these gossiping people then we can be considered to be fools because we could not trust them with the secrets that we tell them. Basically, choose your friendships carefully, and make sure they have the same values as you do. Proverbs 14:6 means that those seeking for wisdom without the right reason, lets say for pride or only when they need it instead of for the glory of God don’t receive wisdom. God doesn’t want to reveal the wisdom to anyone unless they are there to serve him and are humble. Someone who has an attitude that is bashful against the spiritual truth and that only picks which truth he wants to hear in order to profit himself is the scorner, and will not be granted his wishes. According to Providence Baptist Ministries, â€Å"The right attitude makes learning easy. † That is very understandable to me. As children, most people would say that their parents taught them the ‘golden rule’. The golden rule being, ‘treat others as you would like to be treated’. I think that this rule applies a lot to the book Proverbs in the Bible. If you act well and not in sin then you get good fortune and a good afterlife, but if you don’t act in such a way, then you will get bad fortune and a bad afterlife. The book of Proverbs is known as a book of wisdom and is taught as in a classroom setting, as if you are learning valuable life lessons while reading these books. It’s this setting and perspective that allows this book to be so effective in teaching what the characteristics are and how to become a ‘wise man’. If you just follow these simple tasks that are outlined for you then you can live a happy life in prosperity and health. Works Cited â€Å"Bible Study Courses. † Proverbs Chapter 10. Providence Baptist Ministries, 2004. Web. 16 June 2012. http://www. pbministries. org/Landmark_Baptist/Seminary/Bible_Study_Cou ses/Proverbs/DH_proverbs_chap10. htm. â€Å"Bible Study Courses. † Proverbs Chapter 14. Providence Baptist Ministries, 2004. Web. 18 June 2012. http://www. pbministries. org/Landmark_Baptist/Seminary/Bible_Study_Courses/Proverbs/DH_proverbs_chap14. htm. Linda. â€Å"Proverbs-A Bible Study. † : Proverbs 11: 13 Gossip vs. A Faithful Sp irit. N. p. , 17 Sept. 2009. Web. 16 June 2012. http://proverbs-abiblestudy-ocmist. blogspot. com/2009/09/proverbs-11-13-gossip-vs-faithful. html. â€Å"New International Version of The Holy Bible. † The Book of Proverbs. Published in Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1984. Print. June 16-18, 2012. How to cite Proverbs Essay, Essay examples

Tartuffe Essay Research Paper Example For Students

Tartuffe Essay Research Paper In the beginning of the play Tartuffe is a completely different person from what we find out about him in the end. At first he pretends to be a very religious man who is very grateful to Orgon. He acts as though he will do anything Orgon asks of him and will care for his family as if they were his own. Even though the entire family can see right through him he manages to fool Orgon to the point where Orgon goes back on his word to valare and in turn promises his daughter to Tartuffe. Orgon even throws his son out of the house when he tries to tell Orgon about Tartuffes attempts to seduce his wife. We will write a custom essay on Tartuffe Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Orgon wont hear any of it and tells Damis to leave. Orgon is completely infatuated with Tartuffe and treats him better than his son and even his own wife. When Orgon returned from his trip he was more worried about Tartuffe than his ill wife. Then we begin to realize that Tartuffes attitude is just a mask. In reality Tartuffe is trying to seduce Orgons wife and wants to take over the household. He pretended to be a very religious man who is only trying to serve god but he ends up betraying Orgon by going to the king and telling him lies in an attempt to destroy Orgon so he can take over the house. We also find out that Tartuffe has been a criminal for a long time and the king was aware of this. In the end Tartuffe is the one who is taken away and good prevails over evil but you can see how Tartuffes personality was covered with a mask. Tartuffe is nothing but a con artist and his whole attitude was just an act. He was hungry for power and would do anything to obtain it even if he had innocent people thrown in jail or killed. But this play also shows us that in the end the truth always comes out and people who wears masks eventually reveal their true identity.

Using Growth Marketing Tests To 10x Your Results With Noah Kagan

Using Growth Marketing Tests To 10x Your Results With Noah Kagan Do you have a product or service that people want? Nothing else matters. Every major company started with a very specific customer, and every business has competition. The easiest way to win is to pick a more specific customer to serve. So, pick a target customer, and be very strict about it. Garrett Moon, CEO, recently wrote the book, 10X Marketing Formula: Your Blueprint for Creating Competition-Free Content That Stands Out and Gets Results. Fortunately, Garrett recorded the interviews he conducted for the book. In today’s episode, Garrett’s 10x interview is with Noah Kagan of Sumo, AppSumo, and Briefcase. Noah continuously pushes the edges of marketing and growth. Focusing on eCommerce has positively transformed Noah’s companies Growth Hacking and Marketing: How to find channels that have not been fully utilized or abused What has helped grow your business? Do what works; go back to the basics Favorite Growth Strategies: Determine what new marketing channels will work; and platform marketing Proactive Dashboard: Has to be controllable; you can’t be dependent on anything As a marketer, what is one thing you can stop doing today? What are you wasting your time on? Noah’s companies perform testing and validation on how they can get more traffic and on-site optimization Use content to grow your business; what’s unique about what you’re writing Social vs. search content; one is short-term, and the other is long-term options Process of understanding your target audience: Which customers have the highest lifetime value? Which have been the easiest for the sales team to talk to? Noah’s companies have made two major shifts when focusing on customers: Qualified sign-ups and content related to eCommerce Revisit pricing and customers; contact customers via the phone for feedback Segment your audience to understand them; but don’t do it too early Find a product you love, and let specific people in the world know about it; help people 1 by 1 Links: Noah Kagan Sumo AppSumo Briefcase OkDork Noah Kagan on YouTube 10X Marketing Formula book AMP on iTunes leave a review and send screenshot to podcast@.com If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Noah Kagan: â€Å"It turned out the customer base was so big and so broad that it was hard to actually help people.† â€Å"Do you have a product or service that people want? If you don’t have that, nothing else matters.† â€Å"Growth marketinghow are you finding channels that haven’t been fully utilized or abused as an opportunity for growth?†

The Customer Journey Is Dead A Dawning Of Behavioral Data With Judd Marcello From Cheetah Digital [AMP 137] - CoSchedule Blog

The Customer Journey Is Dead A Dawning Of Behavioral Data With Judd Marcello From Cheetah Digital [AMP 137] Blog Marketers try to map and meticulously outline their customer’s journey to convert a lead into a paying customer. Instead, maybe they should focus on behavioral data to deliver the right message on the right channel at the right time.    Today, my guest is Judd Marcello, executive vice president of global marketing at Cheetah Digital. He believes the customer journey doesn’t exist. Instead, figure out why data is important and how to leverage it between brands and customers. Judd’s Career Journey: B2C to B2B martech firms; it’s all about your contacts and who you know As the number of channels increase, buyers jump around brands on their journey Fallacy of falling into trap of using phrases that become commonplace Consumers, not marketers now predict the path they take from researching to buying a product Marketers can still be proactive by using data to drive smart insights and technology from an AI perspective to provide a great customer experience Customers are going to do whatever they want to do; marketers should: Create unique, compelling, and consistent brand experience Deliver the right messaging Hyper personalize efforts    Create connection between your brand and customer Deliver personal and custom experience through data management Cheetah Digital’s Website revised to reflect how prospects look for information Indicators of Success: Team members, content, client summit; digital evolution What’s working and what’s not; prioritize performance to identify gaps Links: Judd Marcello on LinkedIn Judd Marcello’s Email Cheetah Digital ExactTarget Experian Friction by Roger Dooley Write a review on iTunes and send a screenshot of it to receive cool swag! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Judd Marcello: â€Å"Consumers have more tools than they’ve ever had before to either research or access products or be influenced by other consumers.† â€Å"I don’t think it is a journey, I don’t think it is any one tool that can actually deliver on what a consumer wants. I actually think it’s a number of things.† â€Å"If you are a company that lives and breathes your purpose, your clients will feel that. They will want to be a bigger part of your overall offering or way forward.† This idea of unique value exchange and making that a personalized value exchange is really what our job is today, and why people are going to keep coming back to you or stay with you.

How Do Companies Use Global Strategies to Gain Competitive Advantage Essay

How Do Companies Use Global Strategies to Gain Competitive Advantage - Essay Example There are various firms which used to operate on local basis and the performance f such firms used to be pretty subdued. But those companies entered the international market only to gain competitive advantage and became major multinational companies. The present study has been conducted in order to analyze how companies use the global strategy to gain competitive advantage. Also the essential success factors of firms to succeed in the international business have been discussed. Add to that it has also been discussed that how companies can fail in the international market due to lack of planning and vision. The firms at the focal point of discussion happen to be the largest retailer in U.K. and the second largest retailer in the world Tesco (Henry, 2008, p. 89). Thesis How companies can use globalization strategy to gain competitive advantage? Analysis Global strategy can be defined as the strategic guide of a company to globalization. On the other competitive advantage can be defined as various ways via which a company can get the extra edge over the competitors. An ideal global strategy of a company should address issues such as the extent of presence in the global market, different strategies that can be adopted to develop strong global presence, the probable barriers to entry into the global markets, different modes of entry into the global market as well as the probable targeted international markets. Academic research on the global strategies came of age during 1980s. This included various research work done by Christopher Bartlett, Michael Porter and Sumantra Ghoshal (Kolb, 2008, p. 92). There are various factors that influence a firm to go global. However, one of the most important of the factors is the drive to get... This paper makes a conclusion that In the modern day business environment globalization is inevitable. Companies look to go beyond the domestic borders to enter new markets and target new customers. There is very little doubt that entering new foreign markets are extremely risky. But with high risks the company gets the opportunity of high return. One of the main objectives of entering the global markets is to gain competitive advantage overt the competitors. This essay stresses that one classic advantage of this has been Tesco as the firm used to be 2nd best retailer in U.K. But as the company decided to enter global markets, Tesco not only became the largest retailer in U.K. but also the third largest retailer in the world. However, there are some issues that a company should keep in mind while entering a global market. One of the major issues is the choice of market entry strategy. While Tesco went for a joint venture which seemed to be quite fruitful for China; the same company d ecided to go alone and use Greenfield strategy to enter U.S. which unlike China happened to be a matured economy. Also it had presence of Wal-Mart. And unlike china Tesco failed to make the same impact. Although there were other external factors but the major issues for failure was internal. Hence to conclude it can be said that despite of all the benefits of globalization a company should concentrate on developing appropriate strategy and execution of it to gain competitive advantages.

Impact of Language Rights (of minorities) in the Field of Education Essay

Impact of Language Rights (of minorities) in the Field of Education - Essay Example In the absence of any other language from the national language, the minorities will obviously face the problems in communicating with the people around them and each and every facet of their life would be badly affected (Thornberry, 1997, 307). The minority language rights not allow make communication easy for the minorities but the significant impacts of language rights of minorities could be traced in the field of education as well (Dunbar, 2001, p120). The essay aims to discuss the effects of language rights upon the education of the minorities and discusses the critical importance of have language rights of the minorities in the society. It has been unveiled from the review of the literature concerning the topic that the importance of granting language rights to the minorities has been realized in most of the countries of the world and this realization and provision of the rights have drawn significant and strong impacts upon the educational achievement levels of the people of t he minority groups. Language Rights of Minorities The countries with multi-ethnic and multicultural population are critically need to implement the laws safeguarding the rights of the minorities because the absence of these rights in such countries could led towards satisfaction among the masses they might led towards social instability. The issue of language rights of the minorities is often viewed in informal and non-state contexts but the issue has been given importance in most of the public institutions that are forced to serve a linguistically diverse citizenry. The language rights of the minorities determine what style, tone and practice of language would be adopted by the public institutions that they could fulfil the requirements of the minorities as well (Tomasevski, 1996, p117). The growing trend of multicultural awareness in the wake of globalization has compelled the countries to think weather or not they should adopt policy of institutional mono-language where only one language dominantly used in the country will be used for communicating with the masses. Many countries now prefer to adopt institutional multilingualism that could not only serve the people of their own country but the minority people could not be able to understand and speak their concerns in the public institutions and places (Baderin, 2005, p15). This is very important for the countries to facilitate the people of other languages and nationality they mostly live in their countries for business or any other work related purpose. In the absence of the language rights, the minority language speakers could never have morally serious complaint about the system of the country and they will not be able to adjust at such places because all of their activities and lifestyle could be badly affected in the absence of language rights (Thornberry, 1997, 307). The neglect of these rights could also lead towards inter communal tension and such society could also be marked with the violation of basic human rights like giving freedom of speech and communication to all of the people of the society (Dunbar, 2001, p120). The language rights for the dominant language speakers exist for centuries and they have been taken for granted because these rights are allotted to them without calling them language rights. Likewise, in many countries the minority language speakers also have certain rights that are legally formulized to determine the dimension of usability of their language